The Role of Feedback in Breathing Self-Regulation in Health and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Development

Kulchitsky Vladimir*¹, Zamaro Alexandra¹, Zaykina Natalia², Yaromenka Yuliya², Hudny Gennady², Krivenchuk Dmitry¹, Semenik-Philipovich Tatiana¹, Koulchitsky Stanislav³, Andrianova Tatiana², Dosina Margarita¹ and Kaliadzich Zhanna⁴

Received: November 21, 2018;   Published: November 27, 2018

DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.11.002103

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Abstract

Hypothesis on efficiency of feedback from medullary chemoreceptors (MCh) which react to carbon dioxide excess in the organism was tested in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Attenuation of feedback from MCh to respiratory center was established in 62.5% of patients with OSAS and 43.8% of healthy volunteers after “rebreathing” test. Obtained data correspond to significant variability of MCh sensitivity to CO2 content in brain stem in health and disease which is accompanied with increase of CO2 content in the organism. It was concluded that revealed decreased sensitivity of MCh to hypercapnic stimulus in patients with OSAS is one of diagnostic criteria which will allow substantiating reasonability of CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) and BiPAP (Biphasic Positive Airway Pressure)-therapy use in patients with OSAS to prevent fatal breathing stop during sleep.

Keywords : Medullary Chemoreceptors; Breathing Regulation; Obstructive Sleep Apnea; “Rebreathing” Test; Patients

Abbreviations : BiPAP: Biphasic Positive Airway Pressure; СО2: Carbon dioxide; CPAP: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; MCh: Medullary chemoreceptors; OSAS: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome; QCO2: Parameter Reflecting Degree of Central Chemoreceptors Functioning