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Oval Cells: Potential Role in Liver Regeneration

Volume 2 - Issue 1

Hussein Abdellatif1,2*

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    • 1Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Mansoura, Egypt
    • 2Department of Anatomy, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia

    *Corresponding author: Hussein Abdellatif, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt

Received: January 06, 2018;   Published: January 17, 2018

DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.02.000665

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Abstract

The liver has the specific capacity to regulate its growth and repair. The healing process in the liver is characterized by the proliferation of all existing cell lines within the liver, including hepatocytes, epithelial cells that line the canaliculi, endothelial cells, and Kupffer and HSCs cells. The liver also contains “stem” cells or liver progenitor cells (oval cells in rodents) that can be activated by liver damage. Oval cells are the progeny of stem cells. They can divide rapidly but in contrast to stem cells do not possess the ability to self-renew. Oval cells have the potential to generate more than one differentiated cell type but cannot be serially transplanted. During liver regeneration, oval cells are essential at forming a second line of defense. In this article, we review some aspects of oval cells, characters, role in normal regenerative process as well as its role in liver diseases and malignancy besides its potential applications as source of cellular therapy.

Keywords: Oval Cells; Liver Regeneration; Hepatocytes; Stem Cells

Abbreviations: AAF: Acetyl Amino Fluorine; AFP: Alpha-Feto Protein; ALD: Alcoholic Liver Disease; BMP4: Bone Morphogenetic Protein4; C/EBPα: C Enhancer Binding Protein Alpha; C/EBPα: CCAAT/Enhancer Binding proteinα; CK: Cyto keratin; CSC: Cancer Stem Cells; DDC: 3,5 Diethoxy carbonyl-1,4-Dihydro-Collidin; EpCAM: Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule; HNF4α: Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α; IMS: Immuno Magnetic Sorting; OC: Oval Cells; OSM: Onco Statin M; PH: Partial Hepatectomy; SP: Side Population; T3: Triiodothyronine; TAT: Tyrosine Aminotransferase; TG: Transgenic; Thy-1: Thymus Cell Antigen 1; TNF: Tumor Necrosis Factor; TWEAK: TNF-like Weak Inducer of Apoptosis

Abstract| Introduction| Future perspectives| Acknowledgement| References|