Research ArticleOpen Access

Analysis of Changes Induced In Human Periodontal Ligament, Dental Pulp, Bone Marrow and Adipose Stem Cells by Low Level Laser Therapy: A Review and New Perspectives

Volume 4 - Issue 2

**Vincenzo Grassia¹, Maddalena Vitale¹, Fabrizia d’Apuzzo¹, Alessio Paiusco², Gianluigi Caccianiga² and Letizia Perillo*¹**

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- ¹Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy
- ²Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Italy
*Corresponding author: Letizia Perillo, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L De Crecchio 6, 80138 Naples, Italy

Received: April 24, 2018; Published: May 07,2018

DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.04.001039

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Abstract

The biomodulation and the biostimulation of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) promote wound healing, dentine repairing processes and stimulate the biological activity of human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (HPDLSCs), human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (HDPSCs), human Bone Marrow Stem Cells (HBMSCs) and human Adipose Stem Cells (HADSCs). The aim of the study was to review the literature on the LLLT effects on HPDLSCs, HDPSCs, HBMSCs and HADSCs. The electronic search was performed collecting articles in the PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Lilacs and Google Scholar databases from January 1990 to January 2018. LLLT was able to significantly increase HPDLSCs, HDPSCs, HBMSCs and HADSCs proliferation rate, stimulating osteogenic differentiation and opening new possibilities in the tissue regeneration. However, the research background on this topic showed high heterogeneity and the in vitro studies cannot always mimic the in vivo conditions. Thus, further clinical studies should be performed to determine the appropriate dose of irradiation in different patients.

Abbreviation: LLLT: Low Level Laser Therapy; hPDLSCs: Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells; HDPSCs: Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells; HBMSCs: Human Bone Marrow Stem Cells; HADSCs: Human Adipose Stem Cells; OXPHOS: Oxidative Phosphorylation; ETC: Electron Transport Chain; ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate; PDL: Periodontal Ligament