Research ArticleAbstract
As a vibrational energy field, electromagnetic resonance (EMR) gives effect to all the substances composed of molecules, atoms and other particles with vibrational properties. In our previous study, we reported that clotrimazole (CLT) mediated by EMR inhibited the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on solid media. This study confirmed that the inhibition effect also existed in liquid media. Based on the analysis of the experimental data of recent two years, the seasonal regular pattern of EMR mediated CLT was summarized.
Keywords: Electromagnetically Resonance; Clotrimazole; S. cerevisiae; Growth
Abbreviations: CLT: Clotrimazole; EMR: Electromagnetically Resonance; DDS: Direct Digital Synthesizer; OD: Optical Density
Introduction
Because molecules, atoms, electrons and chemical bonds all have vibrational properties, all organisms will be affected by the vibrational energy field [1]. EMR is a vibration energy field that affects the physiological state of organisms [2]. The information of matter can be remotely transmitted through EMR, affecting the physiological and biochemical characteristics of microorganisms [3-6]. Although this is a very important phenomenon, there are few related research papers yet. More research should be carried out to prove this phenomenon by more experimental evidence, and the mechanism needs to be analyzed. This will help us better understand the interaction between material information and organisms. CLT can inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol in fungal cell membrane and is widely used in the treatment of fungal infections [7]. We reported previously that CLT mediated by EMR inhibited the growth of S. cerevisiae on solid medium [2]. In this study, we investigated the effect in liquid medium, and then analyzed the seasonal regular pattern.
Materials and Methods
Strain and Yeast Culture
The yeast S. cerevisiae were obtained from ANGEL YEAST CO. LTD (China, 5g*400/F, Industrial instant dry yeasts). Yeast was cultured in rich medium YPD (1% yeast extract, 2% tryptone, 2% D-(+)-glucose) at 30 °C in shaker with 180 rpm for 16h used for experiment.
Electromagnetically Resonance (EMR) Apparatus
In this study, the same SET of EMR devices as in previous studies were used [2], the main features are as follow. The EMR apparatus consists of two standard pancake Tesla coils being made on printed circuit board that functioning as a transmitter and a receiver respectively. The secondary coil is printed on the top of the printed circuit board with 16m total length, 0.5mm width and 0.5mm space between two wires. The center of the secondary coil is connected to a stainless-steel ball of 120mm diameter. A ground wire is used to link the transmitter and receiver coil connecting the outside end of the secondary coil. The primary coil is printed under the printed circuit board with the same width and space, but shorter length [8] and connected directly to the DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer) generator, whose output impedance is usually under 10 Ohms. When the two coils meet the condition of same frequency, same wave shape and opposite phase shift, self-resonance of the whole system will be generated. In our experiments, the resonant frequency varied between 3.2 and 3.6 MHz due to the field attenuation by the flasks and the glass bottles containing the yeast or drug powder.
Experimental Design
Glass bottle with or without CLT powder was placed on the transmitter coil. For liquid culture, the logarithmic phase S. cerevisiae cells were diluted to about 1 × 102 cells / ml in 50 ml flask with liquid medium. Triplicate flasks were placed on the receiver coil for static culture. Another triplicate flask was placed outside the EMR field as Control. For CLT directly acting, the CLT concentration was 15 ug / l. After 28h of culture, optical density (OD) was measured at 600 nm (UV-2800, UNICO, shanghai, China) directly or by dilution with sterilized deionized water. The inhibition rate was calculated compared to the control, which was evaluated as: Inhibition rate = (ODsample / ODcontrol-1)×100%.
Results
Effect of EMR Mediated CLT on Yeast Growth in Liquid Culture
Compared with the control group, the growth of yeast in EMR mediated CLT group was significantly inhibited. The inhibition rate was 16% at 28h, which was nearly half of the inhibition effect of adding CLT directly to yeast. In the empty bottle group, the yeast growth was significantly promoted to 36.5% increase at 28h (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Effects of different treatments on yeast growth. Data were expressed by the average inhibition rate of the triplicate samples
Seasonal Regular Pattern of EMR Mediated CLT on Yeast Growth
Based on the summary of experimental data in recent two years, we analyzed the inhibitory effect of EMR mediated CLT on yeast growth. It was found that the inhibition effect gradually increased from spring to summer, reached the peak in August, and then began to decline (Figure 2).
Figure 2: Seasonal regular pattern of EMR mediated CLT. Data is the average inhibition rate of each month
Discussion
EMR mediated CLT inhibited the growth of yeast cells in liquid medium, and the inhibition rate was 16%. EMR (empty bottle) promoted the growth of yeast cells in liquid medium with the promotion rate of 36.5%. These results indicate that EMR mediated CLT can play a role in both solid and liquid environments. All chemical substances have intrinsic electromagnetic characteristics, which contain the information and function of the substance. These characteristics can be separated from matter and transferred through physical field [9-12]. EMR plays the role of transmission. The molecular structure of CLT contains many ring structures, so it may act as a “ring antenna”. This antenna structure is more conducive to the transmission of material information [6], and then EMR mediated CLT can inhibit the growth of yeast cells.
Water is considered to play a crucial role in information transmission and storage [8,11-13]. The dissipative nanostructures can be produced in the water system induced by the external physical field, and the drug information can be stored, translated and transferred through the structure of the water system, and its activity can be selectively regulated [4,14,15]. Whether in solid or liquid medium, water is the main component. EMR and CLT information mediated by EMR can affect the internal and external water environment of yeast cells, and then affect cell metabolism and proliferation [3,5,16]. We summarized the experimental results and found the seasonal regular pattern of EMR mediated CLT, this pattern is very consistent with Michal C’s report [17]. This periodic change may be affected by the periodic electromagnetic field in the surrounding environment and may be related to the periodicity of the solar-earth system. This phenomenon needs further study.
EMR can change the water environment around the organism, and then remotely transmit the material information to act on the organism. A new approach could be developed to treat diseases, which would bring subversive innovation for modern medicine.
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